Ibn Al Haytham Penemu Kamera dan Bapak Optic Modern

Tahukah kalian, kata "kamera" berasal dari bahasa Arab, "Qammara", artinya: kamar gelap.
Penemu kamera pertama kali didunia adalah saintis muslim bernama Ibnu Al Haytham, atau nama aslinya Abu ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham, lahir di Basra dijaman kalifah Abbasiah, 965 - 1040.
Penemuan dia menjelaskan bagaimana mata manusia bekerja (optik mata) merespon cahaya dan bentuk sehingga kita bisa melihat dengan baik. Buah pemikirannya menghasilkan kamera pinhole pertama dalam peradaban manusia yakni obsecura. Karena buah pemikirannya, Ibnu Al Haytham juga disebut bapak penemu dasar kerja optik oleh UNESCO. Penemuan dia inilah yag menghasilkan peralatan teropong tunggal, spektrum warna, ilusi optik, refraksi dan kemudian dipakai untuk mengamati bintang. Seperti kita ketahui, bahwa umat Islam sangat ketat menghitung waktu untuk shalat dan penentuan puasa ramadhan dan lain lain, dan penemuan yang terkait dengan astronomi, mengitung waktu dan lain lain sangat penting dalam Islam.

Jadi buat kalian yang menjadi fotografer, videografer, atau maniak selfie, jangan lupa ucapkan terimakasih kepada Ibn Al Haytham karena kecerdasan dia maka kamera ditemukan. Tanpa dia, dunia saat ini mungkin tidak mengenal kamera.  **** hsgautama.blogspot.com

Sumber  1   2   3   UNESCO  

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ABU ALI HASAN IBN AL-HAITHAM (ALHAZEN)  (965 - 1040 AD)
Al-Haitham, known in the West as Alhazen, is considered as the father of modern optics. Ibn al-Haitham was born in 965 C.E. in Basrah (present Iraq), and received his education in Basrah and Baghdad. He traveled to Egypt and Spain. He spent most of his life in Spain, where conducted research in optics, mathematics, physics, medicine and development of scientific methods.

Al-Haitham conducted experiments on the propagation of light and colors, optic illusions and reflections. He examined the refraction of light rays through transparent medium (air, water) and documented the laws of refraction. He also carried out the first experiments on the dispersion of light into colors. In detailing his experiment with spherical segments (glass vessels filled with water), he came very close to discovering the theory of magnifying lenses which was developed in Italy three centuries later. It took another three centuries before the law of sines was proposed by Snell and Descartes.

His book Kitab-al-Manazir was translated into Latin in the Middle Ages, as also his book dealing with the colors of sunset. He dealt at length with the theory of various physical phenomena such as the rainbow, shadows, eclipses, and speculated on the physical nature of light. Roger Bacon (thirteenth century), Pole
Witelo (Vitellio) and all Medieval Western writers on Optics base their optical work primarily on Al-Haitham's 'Opticae Thesaurus.' His work also influenced Leonardo da Vinci and Johann Kepler. His approach to optics generated fresh ideas and resulted in great progress in experimental methods.

Al-Haitham was the first to describe accurately the various parts of the eye and gave a scientific explanation of the process of vision. He contradicted Ptolemy's and Euclid's theory of vision that the eye sends out visual rays to the object; according to him the rays originate in the object of vision and not in the eye. He also attempted to explain binocular vision, and gave a correct explanation of the apparent increase in size of the sun and the moon when near the horizon. He is known for the earliest use of the Camera Obscura.

In Al-Haitham's writings, one finds a clear explanation of the development of scientific method, the systematic observation of physical phenomena and their relationship to theory.

His research in optics focused on spherical and parabolic mirrors and spherical aberration. He made the important observation that the ratio between the angle of incidence and refraction does not remain constant and investigated the magnifying power of a lens. His catoptrics contains the important problem known as Alhazen's problem. It comprises drawing lines from two points in the plane of a circle meeting at a point on the circumference and making equal angles with the normal at that point. This leads to an equation of the fourth degree. He also solved the shape of an aplantic surface for reflection.

In his book Mizan al-Hikmah, Al-Haitham has discussed the density of the atmosphere and developed a relation between it and the height. He also studied atmospheric refraction. He discovered that the twilight only ceases or begins when the sun is 19o below the horizon and attempted to measure the height of the atmosphere on that basis. He deduced the height of homogeneous atmosphere to be 55 miles.

In mathematics, he developed analytical geometry by establishing linkage between algebra and geometry.

Al-Haitham wrote more than two hundred books, very few of which have survived. His monumental treatise on optics has survived through its Latin translation. During the Middle Ages his books on cosmology were translated into Latin, Hebrew and other European languages.

by Dr. A. Zahoor
(source: http://home.att.net/~mleary/alhazen.htm)